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Subordinating Conjunctions

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Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions are conjunctions that show a relationship between two ideas and always come at the beginning of the secondary idea. Common subordinating conjunctions include: after, until, as, because, even though, now that, rather than, so that, that, when and while. The Turtle Diary lesson explains that subordinating conjunctions connect an independent clause with a dependent clause to create one sentence. The examples used are creative and descriptive making the lesson fun to learn. It is important for children to understand this concept as part of their language arts skills. Children with expertise in language arts become skilled readers and writers.

What Are Subordinating Conjunctions?

Subordinating conjunctions show up when you need to join dependent and independent clauses. They’re most commonly used when you want to demonstrate cause and effect or other relationships.

What are some examples?

There are lots of subordinating conjunctions as you can see by the list below. But the most commonly used are:

Commonly Used Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating Conjunction	Example
after	After the baseball game, we all went for pizza.
although	Although my favorite color is red, I prefer to wear yellow most days.
as	Everyone was feeling more confident as we continued to study for the test.
because	My favorite team is the Rockets because my dad loved them as a boy.
before	I remembered to wash my hands before we ate dinner.
since	Since Halloween is over, I’m going to start preparing for Christmas.
though	We love to eat desserts though we could eat fruit instead.
until	Until I was in 1st grade, I wasn’t able to tie my shoes.
whereas	Charlie loved mathematics whereas her cousin Rhys preferred history.
while	While we waited in line, my best friend and I played a hand-slap game.

Other subordinating conjunctions include, but aren’t limited to: as far as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as though, assuming that, even if, even though, when, where, wherever, even though, every time, if, in case, in case that, in order that, now that, lest, once, only if, provided that, rather, rather than, so, so that, than, unless, until, whatever, where, whether, when, whenever, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, & whose.

Often you can think of subordinating conjunctions in terms of groups based on the information that they help to provide. Take a look at this chart:

Condition	Concession	Comparison
assuming that	although	as much as
if	even though	rather than
only if	though	than
provided that		whereas
unless		whether

Manner	Place	Reason
as if	where	as
as though	wherever	because
how		in order to/that
		since
		so that

Relative Adjectives	Relative Pronouns	Time
that	who	after
whatever	whoever	as soon as
which	whom	now that
whichever	whomever	until
	whose	whenever

Can an adverb be a conjunction?

Yes! Several of the words above can be adverbs as well, but serve as subordinating conjunctions when they link two thoughts.

Here’s an example:
I thought the wallaby was a weird marsupial until I saw the platypus.

The independent clause: I thought the wallaby was a weird marsupial.
The dependent clause: Until I saw the platypus

The dependent clause cannot stand by itself as a sentence, but using the subordinating conjunction until enables the two clauses to be linked together for a complete thought.

QUICK TIP!

The subordinating conjunction must always stay with the dependent clause in the sentence, and uses a comma when it starts the sentence.

For example,:
Until I saw the platypus, I thought the wallaby was a weird marsupial.
After we went to the zoo, my sister became obsessed with animals.